1. Living organisms must continually capture, store, and use energy to carry out the function of life.
2. Catabolic Reaction - breaking down complex structures
Anabolic Reaction - building complex substances from simpler subunits
3. Energy is absorbed when reactant bonds break and energy is released when product bonds form
4.Transition state - in chemical reaction, a temporary condition in which bonds within reactants are breaking and the bonds between products are forming
5. Exothermic - release free energy - (-/\ G) - spontaneous ; endothermic - gain free energy - (/\ G) - not spontaneous
6. Free energy - energy that can do useful work
7. Phosphorylation - attatching a phosphate group to an organic molecule (i.e. ADP) ; therefore making it more reactive
8. Redox reaction - a chemical reaction involving the transwer of one or more electrons from one atom to another; where reduction and oxidation occurs
9. Reducing again - loses an electron ; Oxidizing agent - takes an electron ; oxidation - process of losing ; reduction - process of gaining
10. Enzymes are protein catalyst; catalyst - a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process
11. Catalyst doesn't change /\ G; only decrease potential energy level in transition state
12. Substrate - reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction
13. Substrate only binds to a particular site on the enzyme to which it is attracted to; generally won't bind to isomers of the substrate; must possess compatible shape
14. Without energy, work cannot be done and life would cease to exist.
15. Activation Energy - amount of energy needed to strain and break reactants' bonds.
16. Enzymes are either tertiary or quaternary structures with complex formation.
17. Competitive inhibitors - similar to the enzyme's substrate that they are able to enter the enzymes active site and block the normal substrate from binding
18. Non-competitive inhibitors - they latch to another site on the enzymes, causing a change in the enzyme's shape
19. Non-competitive inhibitor then loses its affinity for its substrate
20. Entropy - measure of randomness or disorder in energy
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